At present, a prenatal diagnosis of cmv infection is based mainly on maternal serology, the detection of cmvdna in amniotic fluid and. Although the majority of babies will not experience longterm complications, cmv can sometimes cause serious problems for. Human cytomegalovirus induces cytokine changes in the placenta with implications for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diagnosis and management of cmv infection in pregnancy. Reference sogc guideline on cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy 20500943 j obstet gynaecol can 2010 apr. Cytomegalovirus cmv this sheet talks about exposure to cytomegalovirus cmv in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Congenital cytomegalovirus cmv infection and cmv in. Cmv may be transmitted horizontally as a result of organ donation, blood transfusion, sexual contact, and contact with infected saliva and urine. Communicable diseases factsheet cmv is a common viral infection, especially among young children. Data sources include ibm watson micromedex updated 4 may 2020, cerner multum updated 4 may 2020, wolters kluwer updated. Sometimes it causes problems in babies if you catch it during pregnancy congenital cmv. Cmv vaccine is currently unavailable and treatment options in pregnancy are limited.
Mar 14, 2020 during pregnancy and after delivery if youre pregnant, testing to determine whether youve ever been infected with cmv can be important. Pdf congenital cytomegalovirus cmv infection is the leading cause of infectious congenital defects and disabilities. Cytomegalovirus also called cmv is a kind of herpesvirus. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your health care provider. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a virus that affects both adults and children. Most people have been infected with cytomegalovirus cmv, but do not have symptoms. Pregnant women who have already developed cmv antibodies have a very small chance of a reactivation infecting their unborn children. Infection can cause developmental delay, sensorineural deafness and fetal death. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. Most healthy people do not have symptoms and recover without knowing they are infected. Infection during one pregnancy does not increase the risk for subsequent. Most people dont know they have cmv because it rarely causes problems in healthy people if youre pregnant or if your immune system is weakened, cmv is cause for concern. It is important to know that if you are infected during pregnancy, cmv can. Cytomegalovirus is the most common congenital viral infection.
Like other members of the herpes virus family, cmv can cause latent infection. Cmv is a common virus that rarely causes serious problems for healthy individuals with an unfortunate exception being pregnant women and their unborn babies. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection diagnosis and treatment. Cytomegalovirus pronounced sitomegalovirus, or cmv, is a virus that belongs to the herpesviridae family, hence its older name, human herpes virus 5 hhv 5. The use of careful clinical assessment tests and a clear diagnostic algorithm. Learn how to protect yourself from cmv, how to treat cmv during pregnancy and what effect the virus may have on your baby.
If you do have cmv during pregnancy, theres about a 1 in 3 chance of passing it to your baby. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection american pregnancy association. Congenital cytomegalovirus is the most frequent, yet underrecognised, infectious cause of newborn malformation in developed countries. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This is called congenital cmv, and it can cause birth defects and other health problems. Most people dont know they have cmv because it rarely causes problems in healthy people. Cytomegalovirus infection guidelines bmj best practice. Pdf cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy researchgate. Cmv is similar to the herpes virus that causes cold sores and chickenpox. Principal sources of infection during pregnancy are young children. Management of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster, and. Hence, careful diagnosis of primary infection is required in the pregnant woman based.
Hcmv infection, while causing asymptomatic infections in most immunocompetent subjects, can be transmitted during pregnancy from the mother with primary and also recurrent infection to the fetus. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a virus that infects 50% to 85% of adults in the united states by 40 years of age. It can cause blindness and other serious problems if youre hivpositive. Women who develop an active cmv infection during pregnancy can pass the virus to their babies, who might then.
Intrauterine cmv transmission might result after primary or nonprimary infections, though at different rates 30% versus 0. Update on the prevention, diagnosis and management of. Care guide for cytomegalovirus and pregnancy ambulatory care. Landini1 1 department of haematology, oncology and laboratory medicine, operative unit of clinical microbiology, 2 department of obstetrics and gynaecology.
Congenital cytomegalovirus cmv infection and cmv in pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a member of the herpes virus family. Some are sexually transmitted diseases, some can cause problems like cold sores and some can cause infections like cmv. Discussion cytomegalovirus is a common infection in the community, but diagnosis is often seen as difficult. Salt lake city kutv january is national birth defects prevention month.
This sheet talks about exposure to cytomegalovirus cmv in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Despite its clinical and public health importance, questions remain regarding the best diagnostic methods for identifying maternal and neonatal infection, and regarding optimal prevention and therapeutic strategies for infected mothers and neonates. Some babies with congenital cmv infection have health problems that are apparent at birth or that develop later during infancy or childhood. Once a person becomes infected, the virus remains alive, but usually dormant within that persons body for life. According to the american academy of pediatrics, about 1 percent of babies are born with the infection, a condition called congenital cmv. The management options for congenital cmv infection included antenatal counselling,followed by termination of pregnancy. Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv is the leading infectious agent causing congenital sensorineural hearing loss and psychomotor retardation. Routine antiviral therapy to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy is not recommended. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy ambulatory care what you.
Feb 03, 2020 cytomegalovirus cmv is a virus that affects both adults and children. Diagnostic challenges in congenital cytomegalovirus. If you are pregnant and have cmv, the virus in your blood can cross through your placenta and infect your developing baby. Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the. Congenital cytomegalovirus cmv infection is an important cause of hearing impairment, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy.
Cmv is a virus that can spread from one person to another through contact with saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, blood, urine. For most healthy people who acquire cmv after birth, there are few symptoms and no longterm health consequences. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection following first trimester maternal infection. Update on the prevention, diagnosis and management of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy t.
What do i need to know about cytomegalovirus during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster virus vzv, and toxoplasmosis are common infections associated with moderatetosevere. Susceptible pregnant women caring for children are at high risk for primary infection. In an attempt to reduce the disease burden of congenital cmv, some clinicians and patient groups have advocated for cmv screening in pregnancy in order that primary infection that associated with the highest risk of both perinatal transmission and clinical consequences can be diagnosed and, potentially, congenital cmv and its sequelae prevented. As a rule of thumb, lower socioeconomic groups have a higher incidence of cmv exposure and resourcepoor countries also have higher seroprevalence levels with infection from 84% to 100% iggpositive frequently acquired early in life 8. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy fact sheet cmv is a common viral infection, especially among young children. It is important to know that if you are infected during pregnancy, cmv can infect and harm your unborn baby. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection is usually harmless and rarely causes illness.
Cmv seroprevalence across the globe varies substantially both between and within countries 47. In every pregnancy, a woman starts out with a 35% chance of having a baby with a birth defect. This is more likely to happen if you have a frsttime cmv infection while pregnant but can also happen if you have a subsequent infection during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy what you need to know. Summary human cytomegalovirus hcmv is the leading cause of congenital viral infection and mental retardation. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy often go hand in hand. Medline was searched for articles published in english. Download the print version and share pdf icon 1 page view page in. Cytomegalovirus is a dna virus, and humans are its only known host. Cytomegalovirus cmv is related to the herpes virus that gives you cold sores. Testing for cytomegalovirus in pregnancy journal of. Cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin should not be routinely administered to pregnant women with primary cytomegalovirus infection to prevent fetal cytomegalovirus infection. Even then, very few about 1 in 200 babies are born with cmv and of those, and only about 1 in 5 will have longterm complications from the virus.
Pdf cytomegalovirus hepatitis during pregnancy david. Disease may occur again in persons with weakened immune systems. Cytomegalovirus cmv is the most common cause of congenital viral infections. Diagnostic challenges in congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Does having cmv in pregnancy increase the chance of birth defects. The chance of a fetal infection is higher later on in pregnancy, but a fetal infection early into a pregnancy has more severe consequences than an infection in the third trimester. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a common virus that is usually harmless. If a woman gets cmv during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the developing baby. Once you have the virus, it stays in your body for the rest of your life. Most people get cmv at some time in their lives most adults and children who catch cmv have no symptoms and are not harmed by the virus.
Currently there are no approved treatment options for cmv infection during pregnancy and available guidelines recommend that any antenatal. Communicable diseases factsheet cmv is a common viral. Objective this article aims to present a clear guide to diagnosis and treatment of cmv in at risk patients in the community. Congenital cmv occurs when the infection is passed across the placenta from a pregnant woman to her developing baby. Babies born with congenital cytomegalovirus cmv cdc.
Cytomegalovirus hepatitis during pregnancy article pdf available in infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology 34. Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy and the neonate fresearch. Sep 02, 2018 all told, only about 1 to 4 percent of women have cmv during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection symptoms and causes mayo. Healthy babies and young children most often contract cmv from their peers and pass the virus to a pregnant woman. Fetal damage is more severe when infection occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy. Reliable diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and. Prevention of maternalfetal transmission of cytomegalovirus after primary maternal infection in the first trimester by biweekly. A unique concern with maternal infection is the potential for mothertochild transmission or congenital infection. If a pregnant woman is infected with cmv, she can pass it to her developing baby. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a kind of herpes that you can pass to your baby at any time during pregnancy. Other members of this family include herpes simplex viruses which cause cold sores and genital herpes, varicellazoster virus which causes chickenpox and shingles, and epsteinbarr virus which causes infectious mononucleosis.
Cytomegalovirus cmv, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster virus vzv, and toxoplasmosis are common infections associated with moderatetosevere fetal and infant complications when acquired congenitally. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate. Once a person has been infected with cmv, the virus remains in the body for life, typically in an inactive latent form. Cytomegalovirus cmv fact sheet cytomegalovirus cmv infection is caused by a virus cmv is a virus that is harmless to most people. Early primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy fact sheet fact sheets. No known guidelines, professional societies, or public health policies. Cytomegalovirus is the commonest cause of congenital viral infection in developed countries. Oct 11, 2019 cytomegalovirus cmv infection is usually harmless and rarely causes illness. Routine serologic screening for cmv of pregnant women will be advance in understanding of cmv infection. Its the virus most frequently passed on to babies during pregnancy. Many people get cmv at some point in their lives, most often during childhood. Congenital cytomegalovirus cmv is a virus that can cause a number of birth defects. Some babies with congenital cmv infection have signs at birth.
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